The effects of drought resistant and water-retaining agents on drought resistance and yield of rice in dry cultivation were studied to provide a theoretical basis. Suijing 18 was used as the treatment and the four treatment levels of drought resistant water-retaining agent were 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 kg/667 m². Suijing 18 was applied together with the starter fertilizer. The test showed that the application of 1 kg/667 m² of drought resistant water-retaining agent could increase the yield by 27%. The application of drought-resistant water-retaining agents at the level of 0, 0.5,1, 1.5 kg/667 m² increased the soluble protein of the leaves, the soluble sugar of the leaves, the chlorophyll content of the leaves and root vigor by 14%, 28%, 19% and 82%, respectively. The application of drought resistant waterretaining agent at the level of 1 kg/667 m² could reduce the drought stress's adverse impact on the growth of dry cultivation of rice, increase root of activity, efficiency of crop sink-source relationship and dry matter accumulation, increase the rice in dry condition's resistance ability of drought resistant. Compared to the control group, the application of 1 kg/667 m² of drought resistant water-retaining agent could increase soil moisture by 10% and largely increased dry cultivation of rice's drought resistance ability. Comprehensive analysis under the natural ecological conditions of Changchun, the application of the drought resistant water-retentive agent to 1 kg/667 m² is the optimum solution, which could largely increase dry cultivation of rice drought resistance ability and achieve a maximum yield compensation effect.