The choice of a suitable intercropping model to achieve high quality and high-yield potato（Solanum tuberosum L.） crops based on soil water storage and preservation has become an important topic for agriculture and ecological health research. Potato intercropping legumes are commonly used worldwide due to their significant niche complementarity and interspecific facilitation. The quality of soil properties not only determines the availability and supply of soil nutrients and moisture, but also affects crop productivity and water and nutrient-use efficiencies.Therefore, from the perspective of potato yield, water use efficiency, soil properties（physical, chemical, and biological）, and greenhouse effects, this paper analyzed domestic and foreign studies regarding the impact of potato intercropping legumes systems. It was concluded that intercropping of potatoes and legumes could play a complementary role between species, which is of great significance for improving potato yield and quality, enhancing soil quality,and improving the ecological environment. Finally, future research directions are proposed in the context of intercropping systems on the greenhouse effect, and outlined further directions and ideas for studying potato intercropping legume systems. The greenhouse gas emission mechanism of potato intercropping legumes systems at the molecular level was assessed from the perspective of soil microbial diversity. This study is expected to provide a theoretical basis and scientific support for the sustainable development of the potato industry and the construction of resource-saving plant cultivation models.