The soybean aphid（Aphis glycines Matsmura） is one of the major agricultural pests in soybean production,and the breeding of aphid resistant varieties is the most economical and effective approach to control soybean aphids. This paper reviewed the research progress of soybean aphids and their damage, evaluation methods of aphid resistance, resistance types and aphid resistant germplasm resources, biotypes of aphids, resistance inheritance,mapping of aphid resistant genes, and pyramiding of aphid resistant genes. Hopefully this information will actively contribute to the advancement of soybean aphid resistance research in China.