This study focuses on the disadvantaged production conditions and unique climate ecotypes in the southern mountainous region of Ningxia. It evaluates the adaptability, productivity, and stress resistance of 16 selected wheat varieties. The objective is to identify dryland winter wheat varieties（lines） with favorable characteristics and prominent yield traits that suit different ecological regions under rain-fed conditions in southern Ningxia. The results indicate that nine varieties（lines）, namely Longzhong 1, NB9667-13, Longjian 107, Longjian 103, Z0229-4-3, 9924, Z0231-3-1, 2007-1-113, and Z0228-2-2, show increased yields compared to the control group in twopoint experiments, with an increase ranging from 1.11% to 31.95%. On the other hand, five varieties（lines）, namely Z0349-4, Z0230-2, Z0229-4-113, X0309-14-3, and Z0309-18-2, exhibit decreased yields at two points, with a reduction ranging from 100% to 0.49%. However, Cang2007-1-1-1-1 shows reduced yields at one point but increased yields at another. Through cluster analysis, 16 varieties（lines） are divided into 5 major categories. Four varieties（lines） have good adaptability at point E₁（better）, five varieties（lines） have good adaptability at two points（better）, and the others all show poor or bad performance at points E₁and E₂.