We used wild potato material W3（cold resistant material） and Cph12（sensitive） seedlings as experimental materials. Different concentrations of abscisic acid（ABA） were used to spray on the leaf, then after low temperature stress（-2℃, 2 h）, we observed the apparent properties of the seedlings and determined the change of physiological indicators such as malondialdehyde（MDA）, superoxide dismutase（SOD）, proline（Pro） content. The results showed that ABA spraying could effectively alleviate the chlorophyll degradation caused by low temperature stress,reduced the accumulation of MDA in plants, and increased the content of SOD and Pro. The correlation analysis between cold resistance and physiological indexes showed that potato material W3 was significantly correlated with the changes of chlorophyll, MDA, SOD and Pro content after ABA treatment. The cold resistance was further enhanced,while the cold resistance of frost-sensitive wild material Cph12 showed no significant changes. Therefore, ABA spraying on the leaf can reduce the damage of cell membrane by regulating the osmotic regulation and antioxidant capacity of potato, and effectively alleviate the damage caused by low temperature stress. ABA could also enhance the cold resistance of W3.