In order to identify the influence of nitrogen fertilizer and planting density on the yield and plant structure of the northern japonica super rice in sandy soil of hilly rice region, three levels of base-tiller nitrogen fertilizer（pure N 155, 130, 110 kg/ha） and three treatments of planting density（25, 20, 17 holes/m²） were set with the Japonica super rice variety Liaojing 1402. The effects of N fertilizer and density coupling on rice yield, yield component, panicle traits, canopy structure, dry matter accumulation and nitrogen use efficiency were studied in sandy soil of hilly region. The results showed that: The N fertilizer and planting density had significant effects on panicles number, secondary panicle branches and yield of the rice, but had no significant effects on grain number, seed-setting rate, 1 000-grain weight and primary panicle branches. Increasing planting density significantly increased tiller numbers and effective panicle numbers, but had negative influence on other yield components,and the effect of planting density on yield was greater than that of N fertilizer. Population leaf area index, effective leaf area index and efficient leaf area index were increased by increasing N fertilizer or planting density, while the light transmittance decreased significantly with the decline of canopy height. Under the same nitrogen fertilizer level, the effects of planting density on leaf length and leaf width were as follows: basal leaf ＜ inverted two-leaf ＜ inverted three-leaf,while the effects on leaf base corner were more complex, as basal leaf ＜ inverted two-leaf ＜ inverted three-leaf, and basal leaf ＜ inverted two-leaf ＜ inverted three-leaf, respectively, at high nitrogen level. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the grain density increased first and then decreased. The nitrogen partial productivity of low N treatment was increased by 8.16% and 25.73% compared with medium N treatment and high N treatment, respectively. Our result suggested that the treatments of planting density of 25 holes/m²and basal tiller N fertilizer amount of 130 kg/ha could be suitable for increasing effective panicle number, tiller panicle formation rate and dry matter,and also had reasonable leaf area index, basal leaf angle and light-interception form at heading stage, which could be beneficial to improve grain yield and N fertilizer utilization efficiency of northern japonica super rice in sandy soil of hilly region.