辽东地区玉米籽粒机械化收获影响因素分析与品种筛选
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S233.4

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粮食丰产增效科技创新项目(2017YFD0300705-A04、2016YFD0300304);辽宁省自然基金项目(2019-MS-108)


Study on the Factors Influencing Maize Mechanical Grain Harvest Quality and Hybrids Selection in Eastern Liaoning
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    摘要:

    【目的】 探明辽东地区玉米籽粒机械化收获现状及适宜籽粒直收品种。【方法】 2016~2019年在丹东农业科学院,选用45个玉米品种大区种植,每品种种植1 000~1 500 m2,测定品种产量、籽粒含水率、机收损失率、籽粒破碎率等指标。【结果】 辽东地区玉米产量低且年际间变异幅度大。生理成熟时籽粒含水率在29.2%~30.9%,变异幅度较小。延迟收获可降低籽粒含水率,10月中下旬收获时籽粒含水率在18.5%~24.5%。2018年平均籽粒破碎率为5.25%,其他年份均低于5%。2016~2019年损失率均低于5%,杂质率均低于1%。籽粒含水量与破碎率呈正相关,与损失率呈负相关,籽粒含水率在21.4%~25.5%,籽粒破碎率与损失率均低于5%,达到国家标准。郑单958、铁研58、铁研388、宏硕899、辽单522、粒收1号、东单1331、丹玉631、丹玉530等品种收获时籽粒含水率低、产量高,可作为籽粒直收品种。【结论】 辽东地区玉米产量年际间变异大、稳产性差、籽粒破碎率高是机收的主要问题,延迟收获可实现籽粒直收。

    Abstract:

    To investigate the present situation of mechanical grain harvest and to select appropriate mechanical harvest grain hybrids in eastern of Liaoning, field experiment was conduct in 2016-2019, 45 hybrids were planted with the block size of 1 000-1 500 m2. Grain yield, kernel moisture content, yield loss rate, grain breakage rate, impurity rate was test to evaluate mechanical harvest quality in eastern of Liaoning. Maize yield was unstable in this region and varied in different years. Kernel moisture content at maturity stage range from 29.2% to 30.9%. Kernel moisture content was at 18.5%~24.5% when harvest in later October. Kernel brokage rate was 5.25% in 2018, and less than 5% in other years. Yield loss rate was less than 5% and impurity rate was less than 1% during 2016 to 2019. Kernel moisture content was positive relative with kernel grain breakage rate and negative relative with yield loss rate.When the kernel moisture content was at the range of 21.4%~25.5%, grain breakage rate and yield loss rate were both lower than 5%, which meet national standards. Hybrids ZhengDan958, Tieyan 58, Tieyan 388, Hongshuo 899,Liaodan 522, Lishou 1, Dongdan1331, Danyu 631, Danyu 530 with high yield and low kernel moisture content in harvest, were suggested as appropriate mechanical harvest grain hybrids. Low and unstable grain yield, high grain breakage rate were the main limiting factors for maize mechanical grain harvest in eastern of Liaoning. Delaying harvest was benefit to realize mechanical grain harvest.

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薛兵东,张丽丽,樊叶,卢全会,杨海龙,付俊.辽东地区玉米籽粒机械化收获影响因素分析与品种筛选[J].东北农业科学,2024,49(1):59-64.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-12-02
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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-10-11
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