Peanut is one of the important oil crops in China. At the end of the 20th century, peanut planting area in northeast China increased rapidly, and Liaoning province has now become the third largest peanut producing province in China. However, the terrain of peanut cultivation in northeast China is complicated and the climate is changeable, especially seasonal low temperature, sudden extreme weather and low temperature in harvest period.Low temperature easily leads to the reduction of peanut emergence rate, extension of emergence time, and even rot and death of peanut seedlings, directly leading to different degrees of peanut yield reduction and nutritional quality change. This study details the planting, harvesting, storage and other various periods of peanuts in its physiological and biochemical function after cryogenic treatment, the change of nutrient composition and the corresponding protective measures, to explore the different periods of low temperature on the different influence to provide theoretical basis, also for peanut planting condition and the low temperature fresh-keeping reference value.