In order to clarify the effects of different dry direct seeding methods on the root morphology and yield of rice, this study used Ningjing 47 and Ningjing 43 varieties to compare the differences of rice root morphology and yield under different dry direct seeding methods, which were drill sowing with moisture conservation, hole sowing with moisture conservation and water supply after sowing. The results showed that the root morphological changes of the two cultivars were consistent under different dry direct seeding methods. The root length, root surface area, root volume and root dry weight of drill sowing were all higher than those of hole sowing and water supply after sowing at seedling and filling stage. At booting stage, the root length, root surface area, root volume and root dry weight of hole sowing were all higher than those of drill sowing and water supply after sowing, and the water supply after sowing was the least at different growth stages. The root diameter of drill and hill-drop sowing showed a decreasing trend at different growth stages, while the root diameter of water supply after sowing showed a rising trend at first and then decreasing trend after sowing. In the middle and later stages of growth, the root diameter of the water supply after sowing after sowing was larger than that of the drill and hole sowing methods. In conclusion, under the same sowing amount, the root morphology of drill sowing was better than that of hole sowing and water supply after sowing at seedling stage and tillering stage, which was more conducive to the growth and development of plants, and the root senescence was slow in the late growth stage, which was more conducive to the enrichment of seeds of plants, so as to increase the yield. Correlation analysis showed that the root length, root volume and root dry weight of Ningjing 47 at booting stage had extremely significant positive correlation with yield, and had positive correlation at filling stage.The root length, root surface area and root volume of Ningjing 43 at booting stage had significant negative correlation with yield, and had positive correlation at filling stage.