In order to clarify the correlation between the characteristics of rice seeds and direct seedling emergence, 15 rice seeds were used as test materials. Seed hypocotyl length, coleoptile length and germination were measured by dark treatment, salt water treatment and low temperature treatment. The seed germination under different conditions was determined simultaneously with the emergence rate and seedling growth under two different direct seeding cultivation conditions. The results showed that the length of the coleoptile and mesocotyl was closely related to the salt and low temperature tolerance of the seed. The longer the coleoptile and mesocotyl, the more favorable the rice seed was under the conditions of saline-alkali and low temperature stress. Under the conditions of direct seedling protection and drought-seeding and sowing after seeding, the mesocotyl length of seeds were significantly correlated with seedling growth, but there was no significant correlation between the two under the condition of moisture conservation and drought. The results showed that direct seeding of rice was related to the characteristics of rice varieties, depth of direct seeding and irrigation conditions.