These recent years have witnessed an increasingly obvious trend of global warming, which leads to frequent extreme climates. Environmental stress has become one of the important factors restricting high-yield cultivation of high-quality wheat. Physiological and biochemical functions of wheat, adapted to cool climate, will be messed up under the influence of high temperature stress during the pustulation period, which can further affect its grain yield. This paper analyzes changes of wheat’s physiological indexes caused by high temperature and its molecular mechanism leading to premature senility respectively. Then, this paper explains how reasonable nitrogen fertilizer management control and regulate wheat leaf senescence, its yield and quality, which can provide theoretical basis and technical support for further researches on functions of nitrogen management in improving wheat production and for the final realization of high-quality and safe production of wheat with high and stable yield in the future.