The sustainable development of agriculture is an important issue of global concern, and Guizhou Province, as an important province in Southwest China, is of great significance in guaranteeing national food safety, maintaining the ecological environment and promoting local economic development. This study takes Guizhou Province as the research object and analyzes its sustainable agricultural development using the ecological footprint model.The results show that the per capita ecological carrying capacity and per capita ecological footprint of agriculture in Guizhou Province from 2010 to 2022 are in the range of 0.651 0-0.826 0 ha and 0.239 0-0.383 0 ha, respectively,and generally show an ecological surplus status, with arable land, forest land, and watersheds showing ecological surpluses, and grassland showing ecological deficits. The ecological surplus value of Guizhou Province shows a decreasing trend in general, and the health of its agroecosystem is gradually declining. Based on the results of the study, it is suggested that the government needs to take various measures to protect and restore the agroecosystems and realize the sustainable development of agriculture.