Abstract:Based on meteorological data from 84 national observation stations in Guizhou Province from 1991 to 2020, DEM elevation data, and sorghum yield data, the study applies the theory of natural disaster risk. Four evaluation factors were selected such as the hazard of disaster-causing factors, the exposure of the disaster-prone environment, the vulnerability of the carrying body, and the capacity for disaster prevention and mitigation. A risk assessment model for sorghum's late spring cold damage is constructed to carry out refined climate risk assessment and zoning research. The average occurrence frequencies of late spring cold damage at different levels in Renhuai City are 32.25%, 19.25%, 13.65%, and 7.70%, respectively. The overall disaster is mainly mild and moderate,with a positive correlation between the frequency of disaster occurrence and altitude. Spatially, the high-frequency areas are mainly distributed in the eastern and southern parts of Renhuai City, while the low-frequency areas are mainly in the western and northern parts. The disaster-causing risk index of late spring cold damage ranges from 0.12 to 0.24, while the sensitivity index ranges from 0.52 to 0.99. In places such as Maotai Town, Luban Sub-district Office,Maoba, Changgang, Canglong Sub-district, Xitou Town, Gaodaping Town, and Huoshi Town, the coefficient of variation in yield is between 0.27 and 0.39. The high-risk areas for sorghum late spring cold damage in Renhuai City are mainly in the northern part of Canglong Sub-district, the central part of Xuekong Town, the central and southwestern parts of Gaodaping Town, the eastern part of Changgang Town, the southern part of Houshan Township, and some areas in the central part of Huoshi Town, accounting for about 13.18% of the total area of the study area. The areas of high, medium-high,medium, medium-low, and low risk account for about 26.25%, 28.22%, 21.12%, and 11.23% of the total area of the study area, respectively. The results can reflect the distribution of late spring cold damage in Renhuai City, providing a reference for optimizing the layout of the sorghum industry and enhancing disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities, which has good practical guidance significance.