Three pairs of reciprocal crosses of Xiaojinhuang No.1o with Dalihei, Heipiqing and Heimoshidou were analysed for the contents of oil and protein in seeds of parents,F₁ and F₂ generations.The results have been taken as follows:In F₁'s, protein contents showed negative heterosis and oil contents possitive. The cytoplasmic inheritance of oil and protein contents were observed obviously. Each of quality characters was not only controlled by additive genes but also partial dominant and epistatic dominant genes. The heritability of quality characters were moderate or higher.