The eastern region of Jilin Province is predominantly covered by sloping cropland, with an average annual rainfall exceeding 600 mm. Its soil is loose and has poor erosion resistance, making it highly susceptible to surface runoff and frequent soil erosion. This study aims to address the above-mentioned issues in the sloping cropland of eastern Jilin Province. By using cover crop planting technology, it elucidates the mechanisms by which cover crops mitigate soil erosion, reduce nitrogen pollution, and improve soil quality in three aspects. Additionally, the technical processes and corresponding management measures of three related technologies are introduced. This study aims to provide technical support for enhancing soil quality, increasing crop yield, and promoting the sustainable development of the ecological environment in the sloping cropland of eastern Jilin Province.